Analysing Translation Techniques

English	Indonesian	The Analysis of the Technique
The first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia, capital of the then-Dutch East Indies in 1926.	Kongres Pemuda Indonesia pertama yang diadakan di Batavia, ibukota Hindia-Belanda pada tahun 1926.	a.              Transposition Technique The form of ‘the first Indonesian youth congress’ (enumerator + noun) is translated into ‘kongres pemuda Indonesia yang pertama’ (noun + enumerator). b.              Addition Technique Here, the translator adds a word ‘yang’ in the translation of ‘was held in Batavia’. So, the result is ‘yang diadakan di Batavia’. Then, in the translation of ‘in 1926’, the writer adds ‘tahun’. c.              Reduction Technique The writer deletes two words, ‘east’ and ‘then’ in translating ‘then-Dutch East Indies’ into ‘ Hindia-Belanda’ d.             Calque Technique The writer translates ‘then-Dutch East Indies’ in Indonesia into ‘Hindia-Belanda’. e.                Pure Borrowing Technique The word ‘Congress’ is translated into ‘Kongres’.
but produced no formal decisions but did promote the idea of a united Indonesia.	Kongres ini tidak menghasilkan keputusan resmi tetapi hanya mempromosikan ide negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia	a.                Addition Technique The translator adds two words, ‘negara’ and ‘Republik’ in translating ‘a united Indonesia’ into ‘negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia’. b.               Deletion Technique The translator deletes a word ‘a’ in translating ‘a united Indonesia’. c.                Modulation Technique The translator uses this technique in the word ‘but’ that is translated into ‘kongres ini’ and the word ‘did’ that is translated into ‘yang’.
In October 1928	Dua tahun kemudian tepatnya pada bulan Oktober 1928	a.             Addition Technique The translator adds ‘dua tahun kemudian tepatnya pada bulan’ in translating ‘In October 1928’. b.            Pure Borrowing Technique The word ‘October’ is translated into ‘Oktober’.
The second Indonesian youth congress was held at three different locations.	Diadakanlah kongres pemuda Indonesia kedua yang dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi yang berbeda.	a.             Addition Technique The translator adds a word ‘diadakanlah’ in translating the sentence above. b.            Transposition Technique The first, is the form of ‘the form of ‘the second Indonesian youth congress’ (Enumerator + Noun) is translated into ‘kongres pemuda Indonesia kedua ‘ (Noun + Enumerator). The second is the form of ‘different location’ (Adjective + Noun) is translated into ‘lokasi yang berbeda’ (Noun + Adjective). Then the word ‘locations’ (plural) is translated into ‘lokasi’ (singular).
In the first session, the hope was expressed that the congress would inspire the feeling of unity	Pada sesi pertama, terungkaplah harapan bahwa kongres itu sebaiknya menginspirasi rasa persatuan.	a.             Transposition Technique The translator translates ‘in the first session’ (enumerator + noun) into ‘pada sesi yang pertama’ (noun + enumerator) and ‘the hope was expressed’ (Noun phrase + verb phrase) into  ‘terungkaplah harapan’ (Verb phrse + noun phrase) b.               Modulation Technique The translator translates ‘was expressed’ that actually means ‘diekspresikan’ into ‘terungkaplah’ and ‘would’ that actually means ‘akan’ into ‘sebaiknya’.
The second session saw discussions about educational issues.	Pada sesi kedua diadakan diskusi tentang isu-isu pendidikan.	a.             Modulation Technique The translator translates the word ‘saw’ that actually means ‘melihat’ into ‘diadakan’.    b.            Transposition Technique The translator translated ‘the second session’ (enumerator + noun) into ‘pada sesi kedua’ (noun + enumerator). c.             Addition Technique The translator adds a word ‘pada’ in translating ‘the second session’ into ‘pada sesi kedua’.
In the third and final session, held at Jalan Kramat Raya No, 126, on October 28 participants heard the future Indonesian national anthem Indonesia Raya by Wage Rudolf Supratman.	sedangkan pada sesi ketiga dan sebagai sesi terakhir, yang diadakan di Jalan Kramat Raya No, 126, pada tanggal 28 Oktober, semua peserta mendengarkan lagu kebangsaan Indonesia “Indonesia Raya”, lagu kebangsaan masa depan Indonesia pada saat, yang diciptakan oleh Wage Rudolf Supratman.	a.             Addition Technique First, the translator adds ‘sedangkan’ and ‘sebagai’ in translating ‘in the third and final session’ into ‘sedangkan pada sesi ketiga dan sebagai sesi terakhir’. Second, he adds ‘yang’ in translating ‘held at Jalan Kramat Raya’ into ‘yang diadakan di Jalan Kramat Raya’ and ‘tanggal’ in translating ‘on October 28’ into ‘pada tanggal 28 Oktober’. The last, he adds ‘yang diciptakan’ in translating ‘by Wage Rudolf Supratman’ into ‘yang diciptakan oleh Wage Rudolf Supratman’. b.               Description Technique The translator describes ‘Indonesia Raya’ as ‘lagu kebangsaan Indonesia’.
The congress closed with a reading of the youth pledge.	Kongres ditutup dengan pembacaan Sumpah Pemuda.	The translator uses Deletion Technique. The word ‘a’ is deleted in translating ‘a reading of the youth pledge’ into ‘pembacaan sumpah pemuda’.
Youth Pledge	Sumpah Pemuda	The translator uses Modulation Technique. He translates a word ‘youth’ that actually means ‘kaum muda’ into ‘pemuda’.
Firstly	Pertama	The translator uses Transposition Techniques. The word ‘Firstly’ (Adverb) is translated into ‘Pertama’ (Enumerator).
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia,	Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia.	a.             Literal Technique The translator translates that sentence word for word. ‘We the sons and daughters of Indonesia’ is translated into ‘Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia’. b.            Transposition Technique The translators translate the word ‘sons’ and ‘daughters’ that is plural into ‘poetera’ dan ‘poeteri’ that is singular.
Acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia	Mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia.	a.             Addition Technique The translator adds two words ‘tanah air’ in translating ‘Indonesia’ into ‘tanah air Indonesia’ and a word ‘jang’ in translating ‘one motherland’ into ‘bertoempah darah jang satoe’. b.               Transposition Technique The translator changes the noun phrase of ‘One Motherland’ into verb phrase in Indonesian, ‘bertoempah darah jang satoe’.
Secondly	Kedoea	The translator uses Transposition Techniques. The word ‘secondly’ (Adverb) is translated into ‘Kedoea’ (Enumerator).
Acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia.	Mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.	a.                Addition Technique The translator adds ‘jang’ in translating ‘one nation’ into ‘berbangsa jang satoe’. b.               Transposition Technique The translator changes the noun phrase of ‘one nation’ into verb phrase in Indonesian, ‘berbangsa jang satoe’.
Thirdly	Ketiga	The translator uses Transposition Techniques. The word ‘thirdly’ (Adverb) is translated into ‘Ketiga’ (Enumerator).
Uphold the language of unity, Indonesian.	Mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.	In this sentence, the translator use Literal Technique. He translates the sentence word for word. ‘Uphold the language of unity’ is translated into ‘Mendjendjoeng bahasa persatuan’ and also the word ‘Indonesian’ is translated into ‘bahasa Indonesia’.